Wyszukano: Biotium

Producent: Biotium

Opis: Recognizes a 40-43 kDa transmembrane epithelial glycoprotein, identified as epithelial specific antigen (ESA), or epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM). Ep-CAM is expressed on baso-lateral cell surface in most simple epithelia and a vast majority of carcinomas. This antibody has been used to distinguish adenocarcinoma from pleural mesothelioma and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is also useful in distinguishing serous carcinomas of the ovary from mesothelioma. This epithelial antigen plays an important role as a tumor-cell marker in lymph nodes from patients with esophageal carcinoma otherwise classified as node-negative. Epithelial antigen has also been suggested as a discriminator between basal cell and baso-squamous carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This MAb reacts with a protein of 22 kDa, identified as beta subunit of HCG. It does not cross react with the alpha subunit. HCG is a glycoprotein, which is secreted in large quantities by normal trophoblasts. It is present only in trace amounts in non-pregnant urine and sera but rises sharply during pregnancy. HCG is composed of two non-identical, non-covalently linked polypeptide chains designated as the alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunit is identical to that of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). hCG MAb detects cells and tumors of trophoblastic origin such as choriocarcinoma. Large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung demonstrate anti-hCG positivity in 90% and 60% of cases respectively. 20% of lung squamous cell carcinomas are positive. hCG expression by non-trophoblastic tumors may indicate aggressive behavior.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: Recognizes a dimer of two proteins of 70 kDa and ~80 kDa, identified as two subunits of Ku. This MAb recognizes a conformational epitope of p70/p80 dimer, which is destroyed during Western blotting. The p70/p80 dimer is important for function of a 460 kDa DNA-dependent protein kinase. Ku protein plays a role in cell signaling, proliferation, DNA repair, replication, transcriptional activation, and apoptosis.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: Recognizes a protein of 42-46 kDa, identified as MAGE-1. This MAb does not cross-react with MAGE-2, -3, -4, -6 -9, -10, -or -12 protein. Human malignant neoplasms carry rejection antigens that are recognized by the patients' autologous, tumor directed and specific, cytolytic, CD8 T lymphocyte clones (CTL). The MAGE family of genes codes an important group of antigens. It was identified that melanomas and primary glial brain tumors express common melanoma associated antigens (MAAs). Because MAGE-1 is expressed on a significant proportion of human neoplasms of various histological types (melanoma, brain tumors of glial origin, neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer, breast, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, renal cell carcinomas) and not on normal tissues, the encoded antigen may serve as a marker of early detection and target for cancer immunotherapy.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: Napsin is a pepsin-like aspartic proteinase connected with maturation of surfactant protein B.There are two closely related napsins, napsin A and napsin B. Napsin A is expressed as a single chain protein. Immunohistochemical studies revealed high expression levels of napsin A in human lung and kidney but low expression in spleen. Napsin A is expressed in type II pneumocytes and in adenocarcinomas of lung. The high specificity expression of napsin A in adenocarcinomas of lung is useful to distinguish primary lung adenocarcinomas from adenocarcinomas of other organs.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This antibody recognizes an oncofetal glycoprotein with a single chain of 70 kDa, which is identified as alpha fetoprotein (AFP). This MAb is highly specific to AFP and shows no cross-reaction with other oncofetal antigens or serum albumin. The yolk sac and the liver produce AFP during fetal life. AFP expression in adults is often associated with hepatoma or teratoma. However, hereditary persistence of alpha-fetoprotein may also be found in individuals with no obvious pathology. The protein is thought to be the fetal counterpart of serum albumin, and the AFP and albumin genes are present in tandem in the same transcriptional orientation on chromosome 4. AFP is found in monomeric as well as dimeric and trimeric forms, and binds copper, nickel, fatty acids and bilirubin. The level of AFP in amniotic fluid is used to measure renal loss of protein to screen for spinal bifida and anencephaly.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This antibody recognizes a protein of ~90 kDa, which is identified as Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase, isoform E (AMPD3). It has 767 amino acids and is assigned an EC 3.5.4.6. It is a highly regulated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine monophosphate to inosine monophosphate, a branch point in the adenylate catabolic pathway. AMPD3 gene encodes the erythrocyte (E) isoforms, whereas other family members encode isoforms that predominate in muscle (M) and liver (L) cells. This MAb shows reactivity with cells of the erythroid lineage at all stages of maturation in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and fetal liver. Non-erythroid lineages are negative by flow cytometry. This MAb is useful in the diagnosis of erythroleukemia, identification of bone marrow erythroid precursors, gating erythroid nucleated precursor cells from malignant cells in bone marrow specimens.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: Recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 80-95 kDa (CD44) on lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes (Leucocyte Typing Workshop V). Its epitope is resistant to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The CD44 family of glycoproteins exists in a number of variant isoforms, the most common being the standard 85-95 kDa or hematopoietic variant (CD44s). Higher molecular weight isoforms are described in epithelial cells (CD44v), which are believed to function in intercellular adhesion and stromal binding. CD44 immunostaining is commonly used for the discrimination of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma in-situ from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: Recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 80-95 kDa (CD44) on lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes (Leucocyte Typing Workshop V). Its epitope is resistant to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The CD44 family of glycoproteins exists in a number of variant isoforms, the most common being the standard 85-95 kDa or hematopoietic variant (CD44s). Higher molecular weight isoforms are described in epithelial cells (CD44v), which are believed to function in intercellular adhesion and stromal binding. CD44 immunostaining is commonly used for the discrimination of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma in-situ from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: Recognizes a single chain glycoprotein of 105/120 kDa, identified as CD30/Ki-1. CD30 is synthesized as a 90 kDa precursor, which is processed in the Golgi complex into a membrane-bound phosphorylated mature 105/120 kDa glycoprotein. In Hodgkin's disease, CD30/Ki-1 antigen is expressed by mononuclear-Hodgkin and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells. It is also expressed by the tumor cells of a majority of anaplastic large cell lymphomas as well as by a varying proportion of activated T and B cells. This MAb distinguishes large cell lymphomas derived from activated lymphoid cells from histiocytic malignancies and lymphomas derived from resting and precursor lymphoid cells or from anaplastic carcinomas. About one third of the Ki-1 positive lymphomas lack the leukocyte common antigen (CD45).

Producent: Biotium

Opis: Recognizes a single chain glycoprotein of 105/120 kDa, identified as CD30/Ki-1. CD30 is synthesized as a 90 kDa precursor, which is processed in the Golgi complex into a membrane-bound phosphorylated mature 105/120 kDa glycoprotein. In Hodgkin's disease, CD30/Ki-1 antigen is expressed by mononuclear-Hodgkin and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells. It is also expressed by the tumor cells of a majority of anaplastic large cell lymphomas as well as by a varying proportion of activated T and B cells. This MAb distinguishes large cell lymphomas derived from activated lymphoid cells from histiocytic malignancies and lymphomas derived from resting and precursor lymphoid cells or from anaplastic carcinomas. About one third of the Ki-1 positive lymphomas lack the leukocyte common antigen (CD45).

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This antibody recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 95/115/135 kDa (depending upon the extent of glycosylation), identified as CD43 (Workshop III). 70-90% of T-cell lymphomas and from 22-37% of B-cell lymphomas express CD43. No reactivity has been observed with reactive B-cells. So a B-lineage population that co-expresses CD43 is highly likely to be a malignant lymphoma, especially a low-grade lymphoma, rather than a reactive B-cell population. When CD43 antibody is used in combination with anti-CD20, effective immunophenotyping of the lymphomas in formalin-fixed tissues can be obtained. Co-staining of a lymphoid infiltrate with anti-CD20 and anti-CD43 argues against a reactive process and favors a diagnosis of lymphoma.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This antibody recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 95/115/135 kDa (depending upon the extent of glycosylation), identified as CD43 (Workshop III). 70-90% of T-cell lymphomas and from 22-37% of B-cell lymphomas express CD43. No reactivity has been observed with reactive B-cells. So a B-lineage population that co-expresses CD43 is highly likely to be a malignant lymphoma, especially a low-grade lymphoma, rather than a reactive B-cell population. When CD43 antibody is used in combination with anti-CD20, effective immunophenotyping of the lymphomas in formalin-fixed tissues can be obtained. Co-staining of a lymphoid infiltrate with anti-CD20 and anti-CD43 argues against a reactive process and favors a diagnosis of lymphoma.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This antibody recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 95/115/135 kDa (depending upon the extent of glycosylation), identified as CD43 (Workshop III). 70-90% of T-cell lymphomas and from 22-37% of B-cell lymphomas express CD43. No reactivity has been observed with reactive B-cells. So a B-lineage population that co-expresses CD43 is highly likely to be a malignant lymphoma, especially a low-grade lymphoma, rather than a reactive B-cell population. When CD43 antibody is used in combination with anti-CD20, effective immunophenotyping of the lymphomas in formalin-fixed tissues can be obtained. Co-staining of a lymphoid infiltrate with anti-CD20 and anti-CD43 argues against a reactive process and favors a diagnosis of lymphoma.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This MAb recognizes a single chain, transmembrane, heavily glycosylated protein of 90-120 kDa, which is identified as CD34. On the basis of differential sensitivity to degradation by specific enzymes, epitopes of monoclonal antibodies to CD34 are classified intothree main categories, class I, class II and class III. It is a class II antibody whose epitope is resistant to neuraminidase but sensitive to glycoprotease and chymopapain.CD34 expression is a hallmark for identifying pluripotent hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. Its expression is gradually lost as lineage committed progenitors differentiate. CD34 is a marker of choice for staining blasts in acute myeloid leukemia. In addition, CD34 is expressed by soft tissue tumors, such as solitary fibrous tumor and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Its expression is also found in vascular endothelium. Additionally, it appears that proliferating endothelial cells express this molecule more than the non-proliferating endothelial cells. Anti-CD34 labels > 85% of angiosarcoma and Kaposi's sarcoma, but with a lower specificity.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This MAb recognizes a 21 kDa protein, identified as the p21WAF1 tumor suppressor protein. It is highly specific to p21 and shows no cross-reaction with other closely related mitotic inhibitors. p21WAF1 is a specific inhibitor of cdk s and a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. The expression of this gene acts as an inhibitor of the cell cycle during G1 phase and is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53. Its expression is induced by the wild type, but not mutant, p53 suppressor protein. Normal cells generally display a rather intense nuclear p21 expression. Loss of p21 expression has been reported in many carcinomas (gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma).