Wyszukano: Biotium

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This MAb reacts with a CD32 (FcgRII) epitope (cluster-4). It displays a stronger reaction with Daudi than with U937 cells. The epitope is located in domain 2 of FcgRIIa. Its Fab'2 fragments block immune complex binding. CD32 (FcgRII) is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates several functions including phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulation as well as platelet aggregation. Three genes (A, B, and C) encode CD32 and at least 6 isoforms are generated via alternative mRNA splicing, i.e., IIa1, IIa2, IIb1, IIb2, IIb3 and IIc. Monocytes/macrophages, placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells express all isoforms. In addition, the IIb isoform is expressed by B cells, and the IIa isoform by platelets, granulocytes and, weakly, by B cells. NK cells and neutrophils express Isoform IIc. CD32 binds weakly to the Fc region of monomeric IgG but more strongly to IgG aggregates and immune complexes.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This MAb recognizes a protein of 130 kDa, identified as Ksp-cadherin. Cadherins form a superfamily of related glycoproteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell adhesion and transmit signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoplasm. Cadherins have been implicated in embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, tissue structure maintenance, cell polarization, neoplastic invasiveness and metastasis, and membrane transport. It is suggested that Ksp-cadherin is a marker for terminal differentiation of the basolateral membranes of renal tubular epithelial cells. Within the kidney, Ksp-Cadherin is found exclusively in the basolateral membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells and collecting duct cells, and not in glomeruli, renal interstitial cells, or blood vessels.Ksp-Cadherin has been suggested to distinguish Chromophobe Renal-Cell Carcinoma from Oncocytoma.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This MAb recognizes a protein of 130 kDa, identified as Ksp-cadherin. Cadherins form a superfamily of related glycoproteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell adhesion and transmit signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoplasm. Cadherins have been implicated in embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, tissue structure maintenance, cell polarization, neoplastic invasiveness and metastasis, and membrane transport. It is suggested that Ksp-cadherin is a marker for terminal differentiation of the basolateral membranes of renal tubular epithelial cells. Within the kidney, Ksp-Cadherin is found exclusively in the basolateral membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells and collecting duct cells, and not in glomeruli, renal interstitial cells, or blood vessels.Ksp-Cadherin has been suggested to distinguish Chromophobe Renal-Cell Carcinoma from Oncocytoma.

Numer katalogowy: (BNUM0833-50)

Producent: Biotium

Opis: Multiple isoelectric variants of calponin have been identified, however only two molecular weight isoforms exist; a 34 kDa form and a 29 kDa form. Expression of the 29 kDa form, I-calponin, is primarily restricted to muscle of the urogenital tract, whereas the higher molecular weight variant has been demonstrated in vascular and visceral smooth muscle. In Western blotting, this MAb reacts with only the 34 kDa form of calponin in extracts of human aortic medial smooth muscle and is unreactive with fibroblast extracts of cultivated human foreskin. Calponin is a calmodulin, F-actin and tropomyosin binding protein, which is thought to be involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Calponin expression is restricted to smooth muscle cells and has been shown to be a marker of the differentiated (contractile) phenotype of developing smooth muscle.

j.m.: 1 * 50 µl

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Producent: Biotium

Opis: BCL10, with an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD), is found in a number of apoptotic regulatory molecules. It was identified through its direct involvement in t(1;14) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Expression of BCL10 was shown to induce NFkB activation in a NIK-dependent pathway. This MAb labels subpopulations of normal B and T cells and is a useful tool for the sub-classification of lymphomas. In MALT lymphomas with the t(1;14) translocation, while 55% of MALT lymphomas lacking this translocation exhibited the same labeling pattern, although at a much lower level.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: ACTH (same as Corticotropin) is a 39 amino acid active peptide produced by the anterior pituitary. This MAb is specific to Synacthen (aa1-24 of ACTH); does not react with CLIP (aa17-39 of ACTH). POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin or corticotropin-lipotropin) is a 267 amino acid polypeptide hormone precursor that goes through extensive, tissue-specific posttranslational processing by convertases. POMC is cleaved into ten hormone chains named NPP, ACTH, alpha-MSH (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone), beta-MSH, gamma-MSH, CLIP (corticotropin-like intermediary peptide), Lipotropin-beta, Lipotropin-gamma, beta-endorphin and Met-enkephalin. ACTH is also produced by cells of immune system (T-cells, B-cells, and macrophages) in response to stimuli associated with stress. Anti-ACTH is a useful marker in classification of pituitary tumors and the study of pituitary disease. It reacts with ACTH-producing cells (corticotrophs).It also may react with other tumors (e.g. some small cell carcinomas of the lung) causing paraneoplastic syndromes by secreting ACTH.

Numer katalogowy: (BNUM0059-50)

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This MAb stains the cytoplasm of macrophages and histiocytes in hematopoietic organs, Kupffer s cells of the liver and Langerhan s cells of the skin. Macrophages comprise of many forms of mononuclear phagocytes found in tissues. Mononuclear phagocytes arise from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. After passing through the monoblast and pro-monocyte states of the monocyte stage, they enter the blood, where they circulate for about 40 hours. They then enter tissues and increase in size, phagocytic activity, and lysosomal enzyme content becoming macrophages. Among the functions of macrophages are nonspecific phagocytosis and pinocytosis, specific phagocytosis of opsonized microorganisms mediated by Fc receptors and complement receptors, killing of ingested microorganisms, digestion and presentation of antigens to T and B lymphocytes, and secretion of a large number of diverse products, including many enzymes including lysozyme and collagenases, several complement components and coagulation factors, some prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and many regulatory molecules (Interferon, Interleukin 1). LN-5 selectively stains human sebaceous glands in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples. Undifferentiated sebocyte progenitors are negative, and only sebocytes from the onset of their differentiation reveal positive cytoplasmic staining. Since there are very few selective and easy-to-use markers of sebaceous glands, LN-5 antibody can offer a simple and relatively specific way to detect human sebocytes from the onset of their.

j.m.: 1 * 50 µl

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Producent: Biotium

Opis: Reacts with five invariable CD3 chains (designated as and ) with molecular weight ranging from 16-28 kDa. It is found on all mature T-lymphocytes, NK, T-cells, and some thymocytes. CD3, also known as T3, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays a role in antigen recognition, signal transduction, and T cell activation. It is expressed, typically at high levels, on peripheral T cells and majority of T cell neoplasms. Thymocytes express CD3 at different level on the cell surface in the course of differentiation and, in cortical thymus, CD3 is predominantly Intracytoplasmic. This MAb is particularly useful for induction of T cell activation in vitro and in vivo due to its unusual IgG3 isotype.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This antibody recognizes a protein doublet of 20-22 kDa, identified as MART-1 (Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T cells 1) or Melan-A. MART-1 is a newly identified melanocyte differentiation antigen recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Seven other melanoma associated antigens recognized by autologous cytotoxic T cells include MAGE-1, MAGE-3, tyrosinase, gp100, gp75, BAGE-1, and GAGE-1. Subcellular fractionation shows that MART-1 is present in melanosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. This MAb labels melanomas and other tumors showing melanocytic differentiation. It is also a useful positive-marker for angiomyolipomas. It does not stain tumor cells of epithelial, lymphoid, glial, or mesenchymal origin.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: Granulocyte/macrophage - Colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic factor that is produced by activated T-cells, B-cells, mast cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. In addition to supporting colony formation of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: The Pax gene family of nuclear transcription factors is comprised of nine members that function during embryogenesis to regulate the temporal and position-dependent differentiation of cells. In addition, the family is involved in a variety of signal transduction pathways in the adult organism. Mutations in the Pax family of proteins have been linked to disease and cancer in humans. Pax-7 is a protein specifically expressed in cultured satellite cell-derived myoblasts. In situ hybridization reveals that Pax-7 is also expressed in satellite cells residing in adult muscle. A chromosomal aberration in the gene encoding Pax-7 causes rhabdomyosarcoma 2 (RMS2) (also called alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma).

Producent: Biotium

Opis: The Pax gene family of nuclear transcription factors is comprised of nine members that function during embryogenesis to regulate the temporal and position-dependent differentiation of cells. In addition, the family is involved in a variety of signal transduction pathways in the adult organism. Mutations in the Pax family of proteins have been linked to disease and cancer in humans. Pax-7 is a protein specifically expressed in cultured satellite cell-derived myoblasts. In situ hybridization reveals that Pax-7 is also expressed in satellite cells residing in adult muscle. A chromosomal aberration in the gene encoding Pax-7 causes rhabdomyosarcoma 2 (RMS2) (also called alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma).

Producent: Biotium

Opis: This MAb is specific to c-erbB-2/HER-2 and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the family. C-erbB-2/HER-2 is a member of the EGFR family. Receptors of this family are located on the plasma membrane and consist of an extracellular ligand-binding domain that is connected to a large intracellular domain by a single transmembrane sequence. c-erbB-2/HER-2 protein is over-expressed in a variety of carcinomas especially those of breast and ovary.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: At least five CD1 genes (CD1a, b, c, d, and e) are identified. CD1 proteins have been demonstrated to restrict T cell response to non-peptide lipid and glycolipid antigens and play a role in non-classical antigen presentation. CD1a is a non-polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein, expressed in association with Beta-2 microglobulin. Anti-CD1a labels Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X), extranodal histiocytic sarcoma, a subset of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the lymph node. When combined with antibodies against TTF-1 and CD5, anti-CD1a is useful in distinguishing between pulmonary and thymic neoplasms since CD1a is consistently expressed in thymic lymphocytes in both typical and atypical thymomas, but only focally in 1/6 of thymic carcinomas and not in lymphocytes in pulmonary neoplasms. Anti-CD1a is reported to be a new marker for perivascular epithelial cell tumor (PEComa).

Producent: Biotium

Opis: The onset of angiogenesis is believed to be an early event in tumorigenesis and may facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Several growth factors with angiogenic activity have been described. These include Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Placenta Growth Factor (PLGF). Placenta growth factor (PLGF) is a secreted protein primarily produced by placental trophoblasts but also expressed in other endothelial cells and tumors. There are three isoforms, PLGF-1, PLGF-2, and PLGF-3. PLGF-2 is expressed up until week 8 in the placenta; the placental tissues continuously express PLGF-1 and PLGF-3 but only PLGF-1 is found in colon and mammary carcinomas. PLGF acts to stimulate angiogenesis, endothelial growth and migration. PLGF is a powerful promoter of tumor growth and is upregulated in some cancers, and PLGF is thought to aid in atherosclerotic lesions and neovascular growth surrounding the lesion. Also, PLGF appears to aid aldosterone mediated atherosclerosis. Serum levels of PLGF in some cases are used as a potential biomarker for disease or genetic defect. Recent research indicates that PLGF levels are lower in mothers with Down syndrome fetuses. Evidence has suggested VEGF to be an obligatory component in PLGF signaling. While VEGF homodimers and VEGF/PLGF heterodimers function as potent mediators of mitogenic and chemotactic responses in endothelial cells, PLGF homodimers are effectual only at extremely high concentrations. Indeed, many of the physiological effects attributed to VEGF may actually be a result of VEGF/PLGF. VEGF and PLGF share a common receptor, Flt-1, and may also activate Flk-1/KDR.

Producent: Biotium

Opis: Recognizes 78 kDa moesin protein. Moesin, a member of the talin-4.1 superfamily, is a linking protein of the sub-membranous actin cytoskeleton. It is expressed in variable amounts in cells of different phenotypes such as macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblastic, endothelial, epithelial, and neuronal cell lines but not in blood cells. The ERM proteins, ezrin, radixin, and moesin are involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as cell adhesion, migration, and the organization of cell surface structures, and are highly homologous, both in protein sequence and in functional activity, with merlin/schwannomin, a neurofibromatosis-2-associated tumor-suppressor protein. Cell lines of epithelial and mesothelial origin contain both moesin and radixin whereas cells of endothelial and lymphoid origin express moesin.